--- title: "Home page" description: "Mexican Independence Mesoamerica Historic sites in Mexico Porfiriato Reform War HISTORY OF MEXICO Mexico, where the past and social struggles shaped a unique nation. May 2, 2025 Banknotes of the..." url: https://www.xikoova.com/en/front-page/ date: 2025-05-11 modified: 2025-05-13 author: "XIKOOVA" type: page lang: en --- # Home page ![Carlota en la alameda](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/carlota-en-la-alameda.webp) CATEGORY HISTORY OF MEXICO [View posts](/en/articles//) ![Tenochtitlan Arquitectura](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/tnochtitlan-arquitectura.webp) TOPIC MESOAMERICA [View posts](/en/tema/mesoamerica-en/) ![Templo de la enseñanza en Ciudad de México](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/la-ensenansa-bn.webp) TOPIC VIRREINATO [View posts](/en/tema/viceroyalty-of-new-spain/) ![Vitral del gran hotel de la Ciudad de México](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/vitral-gran-hotel-de-mexico.webp) CATEGORY PORFIRIATO [View posts](/en/tema/porfiriato-en/) ![Xochimilco al Amanecer](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/xichimilco-an-amanecer.webp) CATEGORY TRAVEL IN MEXICO [View posts](/en/travel-in-mexico/) ![Templo de la enseñanza en Ciudad de México](//www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/la-ensenansa-bn.webp) ![Tenochtitlan Arquitectura](//www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/tnochtitlan-arquitectura.webp) ![Carlota en la alameda](//www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/carlota-en-la-alameda.webp) ![Vitral del gran hotel de la Ciudad de México](//www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/vitral-gran-hotel-de-mexico.webp) ![Xochimilco al Amanecer](//www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/xichimilco-an-amanecer.webp) [ ![Entra de Iturbide](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/entrada-de-iturbide.webp) Mexican Independence ](/en/tema/mexican-independence/) [ ![Tenochtitlan sol](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/tnochtitlan-sol.webp) Mesoamerica ](/en/tema/mesoamerica-en/) [ ![Panteón de San Fernando](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/panteon-san-fernando.webp) Historic sites in Mexico ](/en/tema/historic-sites-in-mexico/) [ ![Fachada frontal gran hotel de la Ciudad de México](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/fachada-frontal-gran-hotel-ciudad-de-mexico.webp) Porfiriato ](/en/tema/porfiriato-en/) [ ![Panteón San Fernando](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/panteon-san-fernando-1.webp) Reform War ](/en/tema/reform-war/) ## HISTORY OF MEXICO Mexico, where the past and social struggles shaped a unique nation. [ ![Entry of the Spanish into Chalco, on the road to Tenochtitlán](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/ganaderia-en-el-virreinato-de-nueva-espana.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/indigenous-livestock-farming-in-the-viceroyalty-of-new-spain-wealth-and-social-cohesion-in-the-mixteca-region/) February 16, 2026 [ ## Indigenous livestock farming in the Viceroyalty of New Spain: wealth and social cohesion in the Mixteca region ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/indigenous-livestock-farming-in-the-viceroyalty-of-new-spain-wealth-and-social-cohesion-in-the-mixteca-region/) In the 16th century, the Mixteca region stood out for its indigenous livestock wealth, which even surpassed that of Spanish landowners. This article analyzes how small livestock strengthened social cohesion and limited the expansion of large estates in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. [History of Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/history-of-mexico/) [Read More Indigenous livestock farming in the Viceroyalty of New Spain: wealth and social cohesion in the Mixteca region **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/indigenous-livestock-farming-in-the-viceroyalty-of-new-spain-wealth-and-social-cohesion-in-the-mixteca-region/) [ ![First minutes of the Mexico City Council](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/primera-acta-de-cabildo-portada-960x640.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/indigenous-councils-and-the-order-of-the-republic-political-reorganization-and-control-in-the-16th-century/) February 12, 2026 [ ## Indigenous councils and the “order of the republic”: political reorganization and control in the 16th century ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/indigenous-councils-and-the-order-of-the-republic-political-reorganization-and-control-in-the-16th-century/) Los cabildos indígenas fueron órganos clave en la reorganización política de la Nueva España durante el siglo XVI, actuando como intermediarios entre la Corona de Castilla y las comunidades locales, y mostrando un delicado equilibrio entre control virreinal y continuidad indígena. [History of Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/history-of-mexico/) [Read More Indigenous councils and the “order of the republic”: political reorganization and control in the 16th century **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/indigenous-councils-and-the-order-of-the-republic-political-reorganization-and-control-in-the-16th-century/) [ ![Anonymous, Castas painting (18th century).](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/pintura-de-castas-portada-960x616.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/did-castes-exist-in-new-spain-mestizaje-and-social-classifications-in-the-viceregal-order/) February 11, 2026 [ ## Did castes exist in New Spain? Mestizaje and social classifications in the viceregal order ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/did-castes-exist-in-new-spain-mestizaje-and-social-classifications-in-the-viceregal-order/) La idea de un rígido sistema de castas en la Nueva España es más compleja de lo que parece. Este artículo analiza el mestizaje, las clasificaciones sociales y el verdadero funcionamiento del orden virreinal. [History of Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/history-of-mexico/) [Read More Did castes exist in New Spain? Mestizaje and social classifications in the viceregal order **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/did-castes-exist-in-new-spain-mestizaje-and-social-classifications-in-the-viceregal-order/) [ ![Allegory of the flower market in Mexico City's Plaza Mayor](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/plaza-mayor-960x698.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/a-brief-history-of-mexico-citys-zocalo/) February 10, 2026 [ ## A Brief History of Mexico City’s Zócalo ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/a-brief-history-of-mexico-citys-zocalo/) El Zócalo de la Ciudad de México ha sido el epicentro de la vida urbana desde la fundación de la ciudad, reflejando la evolución histórica, social y económica de la capital novohispana y su transformación en el corazón del virreinato. [History of Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/history-of-mexico/) [Read More A Brief History of Mexico City’s Zócalo **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/a-brief-history-of-mexico-citys-zocalo/) [ ![Miguel González and Juan González, 1698](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/indigenas-castellanos-960x463.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/the-two-republics-in-new-spain-indigenous-peoples-spaniards-and-the-viceregal-social-order-16th-century/) February 10, 2026 [ ## The two republics in New Spain: indigenous peoples, Spaniards, and the viceregal social order (16th century) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/the-two-republics-in-new-spain-indigenous-peoples-spaniards-and-the-viceregal-social-order-16th-century/) Durante el siglo XVI, la Corona de Castilla organizó la sociedad novohispana bajo el modelo de las dos repúblicas: la de indígenas y la de españoles. Este artículo analiza su fundamento legal, su aplicación práctica y las tensiones que surgieron en la vida cotidiana del virreinato. [History of Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/history-of-mexico/) [Read More The two republics in New Spain: indigenous peoples, Spaniards, and the viceregal social order (16th century) **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/the-two-republics-in-new-spain-indigenous-peoples-spaniards-and-the-viceregal-social-order-16th-century/) [ ![African slave working as a domestic servant in New Spain.](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/trabajo-nueva-espana-960x613.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/forced-labor-and-wage-labor-in-new-spain-from-personal-service-to-repartimiento-16th-century/) February 9, 2026 [ ## Forced labor and wage labor in New Spain: from personal service to repartimiento (16th century) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/forced-labor-and-wage-labor-in-new-spain-from-personal-service-to-repartimiento-16th-century/) Tras la abolición de la esclavitud indígena, el virreinato de la Nueva España reorganizó el trabajo mediante el servicio personal y el repartimiento, sistemas que revelan las tensiones entre legislación protectora y necesidades económicas. [History of Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/history-of-mexico/) [Read More Forced labor and wage labor in New Spain: from personal service to repartimiento (16th century) **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/forced-labor-and-wage-labor-in-new-spain-from-personal-service-to-repartimiento-16th-century/) ## TOURISM IN MEXICO Mexico, a destination of amazing landscapes, unique flavors and tradition in every corner. [ ![Holidays in Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/dias-festivos-en-mexico-960x576.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/mandatory-holidays-in-mexico-2026-updated-official-calendar/) February 17, 2026 [ ## Mandatory holidays in Mexico 2026 (Updated official calendar) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/mandatory-holidays-in-mexico-2026-updated-official-calendar/) In Mexico, mandatory holidays are important dates when workers have the right not to work and, in certain cases, to receive double pay according to the Federal Labor Law. Knowing these dates allows you to plan your vacations, family activities, or shopping, and also to understand the history and meaning of each celebration. [Travel in Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/travel-in-mexico/) [Read More Mandatory holidays in Mexico 2026 (Updated official calendar) **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/mandatory-holidays-in-mexico-2026-updated-official-calendar/) [ ![Templo de Nuestra Señora del Pilar (La Enseñanza)](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/nuestras-senora-del-pilar-960x582.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/the-5-most-impressive-baroque-temples-in-mexico-city/) August 21, 2025 [ ## The 5 most impressive baroque temples in Mexico City ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/the-5-most-impressive-baroque-temples-in-mexico-city/) Mexico City is a paradise for those who enjoy art and history. Among its architectural treasures, the baroque style shines with a special force. This style, characterized by its exuberant ornamentation, gilded details and strong symbolism, left its mark on several baroque temples that still fascinate locals and visitors. [Travel in Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/travel-in-mexico/) [Read More The 5 most impressive baroque temples in Mexico City **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/the-5-most-impressive-baroque-temples-in-mexico-city/) [ ![Tomb of Benito Juárez in the San Fernando Cemetery](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/tumba-de-benito-juarez-960x640.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/san-fernando-pantheon-museum/) September 5, 2023 [ ## San Fernando Pantheon Museum ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/san-fernando-pantheon-museum/) The San Fernando Pantheon Museum is a historic cemetery located in Mexico City. It was founded in 1786 by Viceroy Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid, and is the final resting place of a large number of important figures in the history of Mexico, both colonial and republican. [History of Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/history-of-mexico/)[Travel in Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/travel-in-mexico/) [Read More San Fernando Pantheon Museum **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/san-fernando-pantheon-museum/) [ ![Casa Rivas Market](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/casa-rivas-mercado-1-960x540.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/casa-rivas-mercado-an-architectural-treasure-in-mexico-city/) September 4, 2023 [ ## Casa Rivas Mercado: An Architectural Treasure in Mexico City ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/casa-rivas-mercado-an-architectural-treasure-in-mexico-city/) The Rivas Mercado House is a building of great architectural and historical value located in the Guerrero neighborhood. It was here where Rivas Mercado designed the monument of the winged victory, better known as the Angel of Independence, which represented 100 years of independence during the Porfiriato. [History of Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/history-of-mexico/)[Travel in Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/travel-in-mexico/) [Read More Casa Rivas Mercado: An Architectural Treasure in Mexico City **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/casa-rivas-mercado-an-architectural-treasure-in-mexico-city/) [ ![Church of Santo Domingo](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/iglesia-de-santo-domingo-960x599.webp) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/santo-domingo-church-in-mexico-city/) April 24, 2023 [ ## Santo Domingo Church in Mexico City ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/santo-domingo-church-in-mexico-city/) The church of Santo Domingo or Exconvento de Santo Domingo is one of the most important cultural and historical sites in Mexico. [History of Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/history-of-mexico/)[Travel in Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/travel-in-mexico/) [Read More Santo Domingo Church in Mexico City **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/santo-domingo-church-in-mexico-city/) [ ![Xochimilco at dawn - Image 3 of 14](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/amanecer-en-xochimilco-11-960x540.jpg) ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/sunrise-in-xochimilco-a-magic-experience/) January 20, 2023 [ ## Sunrise in Xochimilco, a magic experience ](https://www.xikoova.com/en/sunrise-in-xochimilco-a-magic-experience/) Meet the Sunrise in Xochimilco, one of the most amazing experiences that Mexico City has and that you will undoubtedly enjoy. [History of Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/history-of-mexico/)[Travel in Mexico](https://www.xikoova.com/en/travel-in-mexico/) [Read More Sunrise in Xochimilco, a magic experience **](https://www.xikoova.com/en/sunrise-in-xochimilco-a-magic-experience/) ![Parroquia de San Juan Bautista Coyoacán](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/parroqui-coyoacan.png) See all articles TRAVEL IN MEXICO [](/en/travel-in-mexico/) ![Templo de la enseñanza en Ciudad de México](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/la-ensenansa-bn.webp) See all articles HISTORY OF MEXICO [](/en/history-of-mexico/) ![Bandera de México](https://www.xikoova.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/bandera-de-mexico.webp) See all articles REELS AND SHORTS [](/en/stories/)